Hydro-geological research to protect our water resources
Philippe Orban, mining engineer and geologist at the University of Liège, is conducting essential research on the impact of the Einstein Telescope project on water resources. The studies aim to minimise negative impacts of construction on groundwater and surface water, while optimising the use of water resources.
Double impact
‘The construction of the tunnel in which the Einstein Telescope will be located requires effective drainage to prevent groundwater from penetrating the infrastructure. At the same time, construction may change the levels of aquifers. In particular, a significant drop in groundwater levels could reduce the flow of local rivers, especially during periods of drought. That would have consequences for ecosystems and, of course, we want to avoid that,’ Orban says.
The research covers the entire Euregio and is a symbol of effective international collaboration. ‘The studies are conducted in collaboration with researchers from Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium. We bridge not only administrative borders but also natural geological boundaries. That reflects the cross-border dimension of the project.’
Research phases
The study to quantify impacts is divided into several phases. Orban explains: ‘First, the region is thoroughly documented geologically, which enables an initial assessment of subsurface properties, particularly permeability. We then collect additional data to characterise the subsurface more fully. Boreholes have been drilled for this purpose, refining our knowledge of soil permeability and, in particular, groundwater levels.’
The next step is to create a regional management tool, an initial version of which has been developed as part of the Interreg project E-TEST. ‘This tool, which incorporates all the information collected, can be used to model groundwater flows on a regional scale and predict the influence of groundwater on the tunnel and vice versa. Based on this tool, detailed local models will be created in the final phase. These models are useful for anticipating specific impacts and proposing appropriate solutions.’
Local impact
‘The initial results help us understand the potential impact of the tunnel on groundwater and develop construction methods that minimise this impact. The intention is therefore to limit drainage to what is strictly necessary. We’re also studying how to use the drained water, for example to prepare the concrete during construction or for irrigation and the distribution of drinking water during tunnel operation. So one of the goals is to turn a potential impact into a strength of the Einstein Telescope project for the local population as a whole.’
Opportunities for the future… and the present!
‘The Einstein Telescope is a great opportunity for the region and for science,’ Orban says. ‘The main objective of the studies is to choose the best possible location, while minimising the impact on the environment. The tools developed here can be applied in other places and provide a better understanding of the subsurface. The knowledge gained can be applied elsewhere in Europe, for example to develop geothermal energy, providing direct and immediate added value long before the telescope is built.’
Photos: Jonathan Vos
